File Formats

Input File Formats

Mask of Catchment (Clone) raster

This file is the result of pre-processing the corresponding TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format *.map raster file.

• Unit: Boolean

• Valid Range: \([0.0, 1.0]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_BOOLEAN;

  • Raster pixels cannot consist entirely of 0.0 values.

• Dimensions:

  • It depends on the result of rasterization of the study area. The clone resolution depends on the availability of the DEM resolution and has as content the simulated basin.

Digital Elevation Map (DEM) raster

This file is the result of pre-processing the corresponding TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format *.map raster file.

• Unit: Meters Above Sea Level (MASL)

• Valid Range: \([-100.0, 10000.0]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_SCALAR;

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Raster pixels cannot consist entirely of 1.0 values;

  • Raster pixels cannot consist entirely of 0.0 values.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Local Drain Direction (LDD) raster

This file is the result of pre-processing the Digital Elevation Map (DEM) raster raster file with PCRaster. See more.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format *.map raster file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Valid Range: \([1, 9]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_LDD;

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Raster pixels cannot consist entirely of 1.0 values.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Potential Evapotranspiration (ET_P) raster series

These files are the result of pre-processing the TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file series through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (etp00000.001- etp99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm/month

• Valid Range: \([0.0, \infty]\)

• Restrictions:

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Each month of the historical series corresponds to a ET_P file.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Note

The map-series consists of a spatial map for each time-step in the model. This means if the model has 100 monthly time-steps, 100 maps of Potential Evapotranspiration are mandatory.

A map-series in PCRaster always starts with the *.001 extension, corresponding with the star date of your model simulation period.

The format of each individual forcing file should have eight characters before the dot, and 3 characters after the dot. The name of each map starts with a prefix, and ends with the number of the time step. All characters in between are filled with zeroes. Related PCRaster documentation.

Rainfall (P_M) raster series

These files are the result of pre-processing the TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file series through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (raf00000.001- raf99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm/month

• Valid Range: \([0.0, \infty]\)

• Restrictions:

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Each month of the historical series corresponds to a rainfall file.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Note

The map-series consists of a spatial map for each time-step in the model. This means if the model has 100 monthly time-steps, 100 maps of rainfall are mandatory.

A map-series in PCRaster always starts with the *.001 extension, corresponding with the star date of your model simulation period.

The format of each individual forcing file should have eight characters before the dot, and 3 characters after the dot. The name of each map starts with a prefix, and ends with the number of the time step. All characters in between are filled with zeroes. Related PCRaster documentation.

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) raster series

These files are the result of pre-processing the TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file series through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (ndvi0000.001- ndvi9999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Valid Range: \([-1.0, 1.0]\)

• Restrictions:

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Each month of the historical series corresponds to a NDVI file.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Note

The map-series consists of a spatial map for each time-step in the model. This means if the model has 100 monthly time-steps, 100 maps of NDVI are mandatory.

A map-series in PCRaster always starts with the *.001 extension, corresponding with the star date of your model simulation period.

The format of each individual forcing file should have eight characters before the dot, and 3 characters after the dot.The name of each map starts with a prefix, and ends with the number of the time step. All characters in between are filled with zeroes. Related PCRaster documentation.

Class A Pan Coefficient (K_P) raster series

These files are the result of pre-processing the TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file series through PCRaster.

K_P is interpolated by kriging of weather stations. It can also be computed from wind speed and relative humidity raster series with rubem preprocess kp, see Class A Pan Coefficient (Kp) Series.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (kpc00000.001- kpc99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Valid Range: \([0.0, 1.0]\)

• Restrictions:

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Each month of the historical series corresponds to a K_P file.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Note

The map-series consists of a spatial map for each time-step in the model. This means if the model has 100 monthly time-steps, 100 maps of Kp are mandatory.

A map-series in PCRaster always starts with the *.001 extension, corresponding with the star date of your model simulation period.

The format of each individual forcing file should have eight characters before the dot, and 3 characters after the dot. The name of each map starts with a prefix, and ends with the number of the time step. All characters in between are filled with zeroes. Related PCRaster documentation.

Land Use raster series

These files are the result of pre-processing the TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file series through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (luc00000.001- luc99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: Nominal

• Valid Range: \([0.0, \infty]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_NOMINAL;

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Raster pixels cannot consist entirely of 0.0 values;

  • LULC map values must adhere strictly to values specified within the land use parameters tables (Manning’s Roughness Coefficient, Impervious Area Fraction, Open Water Area Fraction, Bare Soil Area Fraction, Vegetated Area Fraction, Max. Crop Coefficient, Min. Crop Coefficient and, when it is enabled, Max. Leaf Area Index), without exceptions;

  • A LULC raster file is required for each timestep of the historical series.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Note

The map-series consists of a spatial map for each time-step in the model. This means if the model has 100 monthly time-steps, 100 maps of land use are mandatory.

A map-series in PCRaster always starts with the *.001 extension, corresponding with the star date of your model simulation period.

The format of each individual forcing file should have eight characters before the dot, and 3 characters after the dot. The name of each map starts with a prefix, and ends with the number of the time step. All characters in between are filled with zeroes. Related PCRaster documentation.

Soil raster

This file is the result of pre-processing the corresponding TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format *.map raster file.

• Unit: Nominal

• Valid Range: \([0.0, \infty]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_NOMINAL;

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value;

  • Soil map values must adhere strictly to values specified within the soil parameters tables (Bulk Density, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Field Capacity, Wilting Point, Saturated Content and Depth Rootzone), without exceptions;

  • Raster pixels cannot consist entirely of 0.0 values.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Stations (samples) raster

This file is the result of pre-processing the corresponding TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format *.map raster file.

• Unit: Nominal

• Valid Range: \([0.0, \infty]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_NOMINAL;

  • Raster pixels cannot consist entirely of 0.0 values.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Maximum NDVI raster

This file is the result of pre-processing the corresponding TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format *.map raster file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Valid Range: \([-1.0, 1.0]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_SCALAR;

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Minimum NDVI raster

This file is the result of pre-processing the corresponding TIFF/GeoTIFF raster file through PCRaster.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format *.map raster file.

• Unit:Dimensionless

• Valid Range: \([-1.0, 1.0]\)

• Restrictions:

  • PCRASTER_VALUESCALE = VS_SCALAR;

  • None of the pixels in the raster must contain NO_DATA value.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Monthly Rainy Days table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: rainy days/month

• Restrictions:

  • 12 values, one for each month (mean value historic series)

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = 12;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Month Number	Rainy Days
Int <1-12>	Int <1-31>

Impervious Area Fraction (a_i) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • \(a_i + a_o + a_s + a_v = 1\)

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Open Water Area Fraction (a_o) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • \(a_i + a_o + a_s + a_v = 1\)

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Bare Soil Area Fraction (a_s) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • \(a_i + a_o + a_s + a_v = 1\)

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Vegetated Area Fraction (a_v) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • \(a_i + a_o + a_s + a_v = 1\)

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Manning’s Roughness Coefficient table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • One value for each soil class.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Bulk Density table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: g/cm³

• Restrictions:

  • One value for each soil class.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Soil Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (K_SAT) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: mm/month

• Restrictions:

  • One value for each soil class.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Soil Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Field Capacity (θ_FC) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: θ (cm³/cm³)

• Restrictions:

  • One value for each soil class.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Soil Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Saturated Content (θ_SAT) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: θ (cm³/cm³)

• Restrictions:

  • One value for each soil class.

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Soil Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Wilting Point (θ_WP) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: θ (cm³/cm³)

• Restrictions:

  • One value for each soil class..

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Soil Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Depth Rootzone table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: cm

• Restrictions:

  • One value for each soil class..

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Soil Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Minimum Crop Coefficient (K_CMIN) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • \(K_{C_{MAX}} > K_{C_{MIN}}\)

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Maximum Crop Coefficient (K_CMAX) table

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • \(K_{C_{MAX}} > K_{C_{MIN}}\)

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI_MAX) table

Optional table with the maximum leaf area index of each land use class, read instead of the lai_max constant when lai_max_from_table is true (an opt-in extension of the published formulation, which uses a single value).

• Filetype: Text *.txt or Comma-separated values (CSV) *.csv file.

• Unit: Dimensionless

• Restrictions:

  • \(0 < LAI_{MAX} \leq 12\);

  • One row per land use class, the classes of the area fraction tables (an interval key is not matched against the classes).

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = Number of land use classes;

  • Columns = 2.

Basic file structure:

Coverage Type	Value
Int <1-*>	Float <*>

Output File Formats

Total Interception raster series

Resulting maps of Total Interception (ITP) [mm] in raster format for all simulation period for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (itp00000.001- itp99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Baseflow raster series

Resulting maps of Baseflow (BFW) [mm] in raster format for all simulation period or for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (bfw00000.001- bfw99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Surface Runoff raster series

Resulting maps of Surface runoff (SRN) [mm] in raster format for all simulation period or for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (srn00000.001- srn99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Actual Evapotranspiration raster series

Resulting maps of Actual Evapotranspiration (ETA) [mm] in raster format for all simulation period or for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (eta00000.001- eta99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Lateral Flow raster series

Resulting maps of Lateral Flow (LFW) [mm] in raster format for all simulation period for each pixel of clone map..

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (lfw00000.001- lfw99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Recharge raster series

Resulting maps of Recharge (REC) [mm] in raster format for all simulation period or for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (rec00000.001- rec99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Soil Moisture Content raster series

Resulting maps of Soil Moisture Content (SMC) [mm] in raster format for all simulation period or for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (smc00000.001- smc99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Total Runoff raster series

Resulting maps of Total Runoff [mm] in raster format for all simulation period for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (rnf00000.001- rnf99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: m³s^-1

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Accumulated Total Runoff raster series

Resulting maps of Accumulated Total Runoff [m³s^-1] in raster format for all simulation period for each pixel of clone map.

• Filetype: PCRaster map format (arn00000.001- arn99999.999 raster map series).

• Unit: m³s^-1

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = clone rows;

  • Columns = clone columns;

  • Cell Size = clone cell size.

Time series of the sampling stations

The time series of the sampling stations are written by PCRaster as *.tss files and can be kept as such, converted to Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv files, or both, according to the time series formats of the results specification.

A kept *.tss file carries the PCRaster header:

1. the title line, timeseries scalar;

2. the number of columns, the time step column included;

3. the line timestep;

4. one line per sampling station, with its identifier: the identifier of the station in the stations map for the point and subcatchment aggregations, or the renumbered zone column (1 to the number of zones, whose correspondence with the zone identifiers is written to zones_mapping.csv) for the zones aggregation.

The data rows follow the header, one per time step: the step number and one value per station, in the order of the identifiers above. Because the header is present, these files are read by PCRaster’s own tools, Aguila included.

The CSV of each variable is derived from the data rows of the corresponding *.tss file: its first line names the columns (0 for the time step, then the station identifiers) and each following line is one data row of the time series, with the values as PCRaster wrote them. The tables described below are these CSV files.

Total Interception table

Resulting values of Total Interception (ITP) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Baseflow table

Resulting maps of Baseflow (BFW) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Surface Runoff table

Resulting maps of Surface runoff (SRN) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Actual Evapotranspiration table

Resulting maps of Actual Evapotranspiration (ETA) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Lateral Flow table

Resulting maps of Lateral Flow (LFW) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Recharge table

Resulting maps of Recharge (REC) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Soil Moisture Content table

Resulting maps of Soil Moisture Content (SMC) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Total Runoff table

Resulting maps of Total Runoff (RNF) [mm] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: mm

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>

Accumulated Total Runoff table

Resulting maps of Accumulated Total Runoff (ARN) [m³s^-1] in table format for all simulation period for each sampling station present in stations map.

• Filetype: Comma-Separated Values (CSV) *.csv

• Unit: m³s^-1

• Dimensions:

  • Rows = number of time steps;

  • Columns = number of sampling stations from the station map.

Basic file structure:

Time Step	Station #1	Station #2	…	Station #N
1	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>
…	…	…	…	…
N	Float <*>	Float <*>	…	Float <*>